Film Editing Essay Example for Free

Film Editing Essay The 1972 film The Godfather directed by Francis Ford Coppolla based on the novel by Mario Puzo that takes one inside the world of the Mafia as shown in the Corleone family where its patriarch, Don Vito is the â€Å"Godfather† but later, the focus of the film would later on shift to his son Michael who at first was not part of the Mafia family, but later on gradually joined it until he became the Godfather. The rise of Michael Corleone from being a â€Å"civilian† to Godfather is made possible by a well-coordinated cinematography which also involves editing. Editing is a film technique where reels of film are subjected to â€Å"cut and paste† in order to weave the scenes into a seamless sequences of events that unfold the moment it hits the silver screen. In this film, the producers make use the continuous editing technique. This approach is employed for the purpose of maintaining continuous or clear narrative action. It begins with the scene when Michael arrives at his sister Connies wedding reception which is presided by their father Don Vito. This scene shows that Michael is not part of the other â€Å"family† his father leads as depicted by him dressed in a military uniform which showed he came from the war. The next scene would be the attempted â€Å"hit† (murder) of Don Vito in the market and a separate scene where Michaels older brother Sonny was killed. This is followed by the scene where he was mauled by corrupt police officers and another where he is handed a gun by his fathers mafiosi which he would use in a later scene to kill McCluskey, one of the corrupt cops and his fathers rival Sollozzo. His brothers death and later his father, has thrust him into becoming the head of the â€Å"Family† which is underscored by scenes showing the â€Å"hits† on rival mafia leaders while serving as the godfather of his sisters son. This is capped with the final scene where he closed the door to his study as he is about to preside over a â€Å"family† meeting with his second wife Kay standing by the doorway. These shots were cut and pasted in a way that it follows a progressive sequence. The seamlessness of the scenes shows rhythm in the editing and the intervals were either minimal or eliminated thereby preserving the momentum on focusing on Michael. The film also makes use of eye-line matches where the audience sees things initially from Don Vitos perspective, at the beginning and switching to Michael, as it is shown in numerous scenes especially his confrontation with Sollozzo and switches to his wife as shown in the final scene when the door to Michaels office closes with her looking on which underscored that Michael chose his other â€Å"family† thereby sealing his fate. The baptism scene shows the application of the temporal relationships as it is interspersed with the deaths of rival mafiosi, indicating what was happening at the same time. In conclusion, the use of (continuous) editing helped make the story of The Godfather easy to understand and to appreciate totally as it shows a seamless stringing of scenes that show the rise of Michael Corleone to power. Reference Coppolla, F. F. (Director). (1972). The Godfather [Motion Picture].

The Hi-Tech Lynching of Celebrities and Politicians :: Essays Papers

The Hi-Tech Lynching of Celebrities and Politicians Lynching, which occurred most frequently in the southern states, resulted in the hanging, mutilation, and death of many blacks at the hands of a powerful white ruling class. While lynchings of this type have not occurred as frequently as in previous decades, it has morphed into a new form, a form that is arguably just as devastating. Instead of unjustly prosecuting blacks, this new form of lynching targets celebrities and politicians and media to accomplish what is commonly referred to as â€Å"hi-tech lynching†. The job of the media is to relay information to a general public. However, bias towards particular persons and issues as well as the desire to garner the most viewers, often results in deceit and misrepresentation. Over time, the media’s initial purpose and goal, to inform the masses, has been lost. In its place, a technology-based lynch mob has emerged, with the lives of celebrities and politicians at its mercy. An alleged late twentieth-century incident of high-tech lynching involved the case of politician, Clarence Thomas. Thomas, appointed to the Supreme Court by President George Bush in 1991, was at the center of media frenzy when law professor, Anita Hill, accused Thomas of sexual harassment. It was Thomas’s word against Hill and though Thomas was confirmed as an associate Supreme Court justice, the lasting implications of the scandal follow both him and Hill to this day Hi-tech lynching has even effected the â€Å"King of Pop,† Michael Jackson. The â€Å"policemen of the electronic age† have been involved in destroying the reputation of Jackson by playing video clips and interviews that mock his personal lifestyle (Koppersmith 1). Various networks feed on ratings, instead of the valued notions of morality. Michael Jackson’s case has become the example of guilty until proven innocent, even though we, as American citizens claim to value due process and equal representation under the law. Black Panther party member, Assata Shakur, is another instructive example of high-tech lynching. In 1973 police arrested Shakur, born JoAnne Chesimard, as an accomplice to the murder of a white state trooper. In her book, Assata: An Autobiography, Shakur chronicles the way she was â€Å"lynched† by the media before the murder trial had even begun: â€Å"Evelyn had brought some newspaper clippings and it was obvious the press was trying to railroad me, to make me seem like a monster.

Dying of Breast Cancer in the 1800s

Breast cancer is a disease that devastates so many women in our society each year. The catastrophic toll that it had on women in the 1800’s was much more traumatizing than it is today. Robert Shadle and James S. Olson give us a vivid picture of what breast cancer in the 1800’s was like in their essay entitled, â€Å"Dying of Breast Cancer in the 1800s. † The authors of this incredible essay describe the life of â€Å"Nabby† Adams, the daughter of John and Abigail Adams. The essay gives us a detailed account from the beginning to the end of Nabby’s fight with cancer. Nabby and Colonel William Smith were married in June of 1786 and they would go on to later have three children. Colonel Smith was not one to settle down, moving from America to London, from London back to America, spending entirely too much money that he did not have. In the year of 1808 Nabby found a small dimple on her breast that she thought was probably just the sign of old age. It turns out that that dimple was actually a malignant tumor rapidly spreading throughout her body. In the year of 1809 Nabby noticed that the â€Å"old age† dimple had turned into a solid lump hidden in her breast and as time went on the lump slowly grew in size. Nabby went from physician to physician consulting them on what to do, and none of the remedies seemed to work. So in 1811 Nabby returned to Quincy, Massachusetts where her parents resided and contacted Dr. Benjamin Rush, a family friend and a famous skilled physician. Dr. Rush advised Nabby to have surgery immediately. Nabby consented to the idea although she was rather timid. Surgery in these days was not the same as it is today. Today there is a vast amount of research that goes into each particular surgery; in those days it was the complete opposite. Today we have sanitation procedures, while back then they did not know anything about sanitation! And the biggest difference in surgeries between the two time periods is the use of anesthesia. In the 1800’s the use of anesthesia was not present, this meant that patients were wide-awake during the procedure. The graphic depiction of Nabby Adams strapped to the chair with the doctor on top slashing at the breast and pulling out the cancerous cells was an account that made my stomach turn upside down. The grueling pain that she must have felt and then to later find out that it was all for nothing. In the 1800’s, most cases after a patient goes under the knife within the next couple of days they are susceptible to devastating infections. Although this did not occur for Nabby, I can not say the same for a large portion of the women during this time. Nabby’s life was severely altered after the procedure though, she was unable to perform her normal day-to-day life and the use of her left arm was completely gone. The surgery completely changed her life for the worse and on August 9th of 1813 at the age of forty-six Nabby Adams passed away. This article completely changed my view on breast cancer. Before reading the article I was under the impression that breast cancer today was not a very dangerous cancer and was easily curable as long as you caught it early. I would see the pink cleats, gloves, and mouthpieces in the NFL games and just think that it was mainly for show. But after seeing that 50,000 women die from breast cancer each year in our day and age made me realize that that is not the case and that number was even more devastating during the 1800’s. Cancer is a disease that is affecting our community daily. This article shows that it doesn’t matter who are, if your parents are the founders of our country or not, anyone can get cancer. I would say that the article was definitely worth reading, it gave me significant insight on how breast cancer affected women in the 1800’s.

The Father of Trigonometry - 3474 Words

The first trigonometric table was apparently compiled by Hipparchus, who is now consequently known as the father of trigonometry.[3] Sumerian astronomers introduced angle measure, using a division of circles into 360 degrees.[4]They and their successors the Babylonians studied the ratios of the sides of similar triangles and discovered some properties of these ratios, but did not turn that into a systematic method for finding sides and angles of triangles. The ancient Nubians used a similar methodology.[5] The ancient Greeks transformed trigonometry into an ordered science.[6] Classical Greek mathematicians (such as Euclid and Archimedes) studied the properties of chordsand inscribed angles in circles, and proved theorems that are†¦show more content†¦Many English speakers find it easy to remember what sides of the right triangle are equal to sine, cosine, or tangent, by memorizing the word SOH-CAH-TOA (see below under Mnemonics). The reciprocals of these functions are named the cosecant (csc or cosec), secant (sec), and cotangent (cot), respectively: The inverse functions are called the arcsine, arccosine, and arctangent, respectively. There are arithmetic relations between these functions, which are known as trigonometric identities. The cosine, cotangent, and cosecant are so named because they are respectively the sine, tangent, and secant of the complementary angle abbreviated to co-. With these functions one can answer virtually all questions about arbitrary triangles by using the law of sines and the law of cosines. These laws can be used to compute the remaining angles and sides of any triangle as soon as two sides and their included angle or two angles and a side or three sides are known. These laws are useful in all branches of geometry, since every polygon may be described as a finite combination of triangles. [edit]Extending the definitions Fig. 1a - Sine and cosine of an angle ÃŽ ¸ defined using the unit circle. The above definitions apply to angles between 0 and 90 degrees (0 and Ï€/2 radians) only. Using the unit circle, one can extend them to all positive and negative arguments (seetrigonometric function). The trigonometric functions are periodic, with aShow MoreRelatedHistory of Trigonometry4574 Words   |  19 PagesRunning Head: History of Trigonometry History of Trigonometry Rome Fiedler History of Mathematics 501 University of Akron April 29, 2012 History of Trigonometry: An Introduction Trigonometry is useful in our world. By exploring where these concepts come from provides an understanding in putting this mathematics to use. The term Trigonometry comes from the Greek word trigon, meaning triangle and the Greek word meatria meaning measurement. However itRead MoreGeorg Ferdinand, Philipp Cantor857 Words   |  4 PagesGeorg Ferdinand Ludwig Philipp Cantor was born on March 3, 1845 in Saint Petersburg, Russia. His father, Georg Waldemar Cantor, was a successful merchant working as a wholesaling agent, then later found another job as a broker in the St. Petersburg Stock Exchange. Georg’s father was born in Denmark and had a deep passion for culture and arts. His mother, Maria Anna Bà ¶hm, was from Russia and very musical. Georg inherited his love for music and arts from his parents, considering he was a wonderfulRead MoreAnnual Islamic Symposium On The Arts And Sciences1042 Words   |  5 Pageswide reaching field has some of the most practical use s today and that all came from these arab mathematicians. Trigonometry is the branch of math dealing with angles and triangles and it is important to surveyors and astronomers. Trigonometry was mostly developed by Al-Battani an astronomer and mathematician who created tables giving ratios of the sides of right triangles. Trigonometry was developed in the tenth century within which the functions of sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, secant, and cosecantRead More Leonhard Euler Essay672 Words   |  3 Pages Leonhard Euler Euler made large bounds in modern analytic geometry and trigonometry. He made decisive and formative contributions to geometry, calculus and number theory. Born: 15 April 1707 in Basel, Switzerland Died: 18 Sept 1783 in St Petersburg, Russia Introduction Eulers father wanted his son to follow him into the church and sent him to the University of Basel to prepare for the ministry. However geometry soon became his favourite subject. Euler obtained his fathers consentRead MoreShort Story925 Words   |  4 Pagessecond time as he looked at his son strangely. â€Å"Oh, um†¦ I-I—† Phillip stuttered. â€Å"The trigonometry help, dear,† Krista stated. â€Å"Did everything go alright? Did you get back on track in your class?† â€Å"Um, yes, I guess it all went alright,† answered Phillip, â€Å"but, I’m still going to need to stay after for probably the rest of the week to get completely caught up.† â€Å"You’re that far behind?† asked Krista. â€Å"Trigonometry is hard!† â€Å"Alright, alright,† Krista backpedaled a bit defensively. â€Å"You can take asRead MoreThe Importance Of A Few College General Education Courses1070 Words   |  5 Pageswrite research papers. Teachers and those who work in education also need sharp writing skills. Like medical professionals, those working in education must be able to write up reports on their students. For my mother, a speech pathologist, and my father, a guidance counselor, writing is a big part of their everyday life. A large part of their job is writing about the progress of the students they see. Teachers must also know how to teach their students how to properly write papers so they themselvesRead MoreAll The Light We Can Not See By Anthony Doerr1514 Words   |  7 PagesMarie-Laure was a blind French girl who lived in Paris with her father, who was one of the only people who treated her as a normal person and considered her disability an obstacle she could be able to conquer. He helped her dev elop skills to manage her condition in various ways such as making her wooden models of their neighborhood to be able to navigate the streets, and teaching her braille. Marie-Laure was very dependent on her father and his assistance, and when they moved to Saint-Malo where heRead MoreEssay on Film Review of Dead Poets Society642 Words   |  3 PagesPerry discovers that his real passion in life is acting and proceeds to land the role of Puck in a Midsummer Nights Dream at the local theater. He begins to weave a tangled web of deception by failing to inform his father, then lying to Mr. Keating when his father finds out and demands he quit the play. Feeling trapped, after his final performance and a standing ovation, he takes his own life. The most important discovery made in the film was by Todd Anderson. Todd isRead MoreA Swedish Born Diplomat973 Words   |  4 Pageshave both coped with panic attacks and social anxiety respectively. My father lives with a moderate form of OCD, while my younger brother lives with a more severe form of Autism. Although my immediate family does not identify concurrently as one religion, my sister and I identify as Methodist, while our parents and younger brother either are undecided. However, my father’s parents were brought up Catholic, and had sent my father to a Catholic high school. First and foremost, I firmly believe in theRead MoreEssay on My Love for Learning576 Words   |  3 Pageshelped me realize how important education is and how much freedom and opportunity education would grant me. They would tell me stories about their life in the former Soviet Union and how hard it was for them to persevere in the communist regime. My father, specifically, would talk about anti – Semitism in the Soviet Union and the difficulty he had to get a degree in Medicine because of the governmental quota system that limited the number of Jews entering academia. He would talk about his fear of

Halloween Movie Quotes That Will Haunt You

Hollywood has produced some fabulous horror classics. Movies like Nightmare on Elm Street, House on Haunted Hill, The Shining, and The Sixth Sense are blockbusters that made horror a winning formula. What makes horror movies so enticing?​ Halloween  commemorates the living and the dead, the real and the surreal. Even for a non-believer, Halloween is a fun festival as it creates an aura of mystery and daredevilry around us. Likewise, horror movies are thrilling because of special effects, mysterious plotline, and voodoo science. Stories about the supernatural try to unravel the mysteries that surround death and rebirth. Horror Movies Quotes Use these Halloween movie quotes to spook your party guests. With voice modulation and the right sound effects, these quotes can make any brave-heart shudder. You can also use these quotes to decorate your Halloween party invites, party favors, and thank you cards. Nightmare on Elm StreetChildren: One, two. Reds calling for you. Three, four. Better lock your door. Five, six. Grab your crucifix. Seven, eight. Gonna stay up late. Nine, ten. Never sleep again.Planet TerrorDr. William Block: Im gonna eat your brains, and gain your knowledge.The Addams FamilyMorticia [to Gomez, watching Pugsley sleep]:  Its so sweet. He looks just like a little entrà ©e.The HauntingTheodora: Havent you noticed how nothing in this house seems to move until you look away and then you just... catch something out of the corner of your eye?The UninvitedRoderick Fitzgerald: Thats not because there are most ghosts here than other places, mind you. Its just that people who live here about are strangely aware of them. You see, day and night, year in, year out, they listen to the pound and stir of the waves. Theres life and death in that restless sound. And eternity too.The OthersMrs. Mills: Sometimes the world of the living gets mixed up with the world of the dead.The Add ams FamilyMargaret [to Morticia]: You are too precious for words, why I could just... eat you alive!The OthersMrs. Mills: The intruders are leaving, but others will come. Sometimes well sense them. Other times, we wont.The FlyVeronica Quaife: Be afraid. Be very afraid.Silence of the LambsHannibal Lecter: I ate his liver with some fava beans and a fine Chianti.Childs PlayChucky: Hi! Im Chucky. Want to play?Dawn of the DeadTelevangelist: When theres no more room in hell, the dead will walk the earth.The Sixth SenseCole Sear: I see dead people.Halloween H20: 20 Years LaterNorma Watson: You know, its Halloween. I guess everyone is entitled to one good scare, huh?Halloween (1978)Dr. Sam Loomis: Death has come to your little town, Sheriff. You can either ignore it, or you can help me to stop it.Halloween (2007)Dr. Samuel Loomis: These eyes will deceive you, they will destroy you. They will take from you, your innocence, your pride, and eventually your soul. These eyes do not see what you and I see. Behind these eyes one finds only blackness, the absence of light, these are of a psychopath.Halloween (1978)Tommy: You cant kill the Boogey man.American PsychoPatrick Bateman: I want to stab you to death, and then play around with your blood.Friday the 13thCrazy Ralph: Im a messenger of God. Youre doomed if you stay here. This place is cursed. Cursed... Its got a death curse!

Rhetorical Analysis Of Nike s The Commercial, Equality,...

One of the biggest issues in the United States and in the world in general comes from this idea of â€Å"equality†. Though this is presented in the Declaration of Independence, it is not put forth with much authority that â€Å"All men are created equal†. Most of the breaking news that occurs in the U.S today involves police brutality targeting colored people, and people just seem to lose it when these types of events happen. Some of the victims to police brutality includes, but not limited to: Laquan McDonald, Trayvon Martin, Oscar Grant and Michael Brown. In the commercial, Equality, by Nike, racial discrimination is said to have a come a long way to be in its current position in the world. Nike tries to ultimately persuade its viewers to buy†¦show more content†¦Jordan really targeted an audience of adults and teenagers who have a biased mindset, with the goal of having them rethink their morals about equality in the U.S. Nike was able to use Jordan as a spo kesperson so that he can urge audience members to believe in what the company stands for, which is equality and build trust and in their customers to promote their business and products. This was also a source of ethos displayed. The Declaration of Independence is also used as a prime source of persuasion that make people question their humanity, due to the amble amount of inequality in the world. If equality does exist in the U.S, then there must be boundaries that are set. Nike tries to connect to that idea by including sports with the goal of building more credibility or trust, also known as ethos. In the commercial, there are different camera views depicting areas in which sports are generally played such as: tennis courts, basketball courts, and track fields. The point of these images was to demonstrate the idea that Nike has products that can be used on any of those courts, in addition to the message that even though all of these playing fields have lines and sidelines, there still wasn’t any boundaries. Wow that’s deep, right? Now of course the purpose of the lines on these courts are for having an out of bounds area and to mark different locations on the court. The literal message was trying to prove that there were no racial boundaries on the courts. To makeShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pageslamentable. Taken together, the key themes and processes that have been selected as the focus for each of the eight essays provide a way to conceptualize the twentieth century as a coherent unit for teaching, as well as for written narrative and analysis. Though they do not exhaust the crucial strands of historical development that tie the century together—one could add, for example, nationalism and decolonization—they cover in depth the defining phenomena of that epoch, which, as the essays demonstrateRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesmanaging, organizing and reflecting on both formal and informal structures, and in this respect you will find this book timely, interesting and valuable. Peter Holdt Christensen, Associate Professor, Copenhagen Business School, Denmark McAuley et al.’s book is thought-provoking, witty and highly relevant for understanding contemporary organizational dilemmas. The book engages in an imaginative way with a wealth of organizational concepts and theories as well as provides insightful examples from theRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesbuilt-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore

Flexible Work Arrangements Free-Samples for Students-Myassingment

Questions: 1.why it is Important for firms like as Justitia to Smash the old Paradigm when it comes to work Design Challenges?2.Problems that may Occur when adopting the kind of approach that Justitia is taking in regards to Flexible Working arrangements3.How viable the approach is for Organisations of Different Sizes, and within different Industries. Answers: Flexible Work Arrangements Introduction The context of work is changing rapidly with new challenges to organisations to accommodate the changing nature of the workforce and the need to accommodate these new trends. These changes have been redefined by new societal values, advanced technologies, rapid globalisation and changing demographics. Today flexibility at the workplace has become an essential element that defines current job arrangements(Yadav Rani, 2015). The flexible arrangements vary from formal employment offers to individual negotiations between the individual and the organisation. 1.Management of the workplace has been evolving for quite some time leading to new work designs that fit the changing nature of the workforce. Organisations have been shifting their designs from traditional to flexible work environments that allow employees to juggle between work and other activities or interests that they pursue in life(Bailyn, 1993). This has been due to the rise of consultancy and part-time working arrangements where organisations hire individuals on contract basis for activities that do not need a regular employee. In the 21st century, flexibility of the workplace has greatly shaped the modern work place with organisations being forced to provide work environments that have flexible work arrangements. For example, in the UK 77% of employees are working in organisations that offer flexible work opportunities(Huselid, 2005). Research has shown that firms like Justitia are reaping the benefits associated with flexible work environments through increased employee productivity. Employees are allowed to choose from hours that they are comfortable working rather than spending the whole day in office. This increases their productivity since they utilise the productive time they have at work and spend the rest of the time doing other things. Kauffeld, Jonas, Frey (2004) adds that through allowing flexible work arrangements, organisations and employes set targets that are achieved by the employee regardless of the time they report to work so long as they utilise their daily productive hours. McDonald, Bradley, Brown, (2009) state that employees choose an environment that best suits their personal working styles making it easy for them to achieve organisational targets. According to Downes Koekemoe (2011) the changing demographic nature of society and new societal values have influenced the need to accommodate employees with different personal situations. For example, the increasing number of women at the workplace has led to the need to accommodate special needs of women like mothers. For example,, women will want maternity leave while others will need time to be with their family to attend to motherly responsibilities like breastfeeding(Appiah-Mfodwa, Horwitz, Kieswetter, King, Solai, 2000). Carlson, Grywacz, Kacmar (2010) add that Some organisations give such women time off while others create an environment that allows the women to have a breastfeeding area to attend to the minor. This flexible wrk arrangement ensures that the organisatin retains its employees and save the organisation recruitment costs. Organisations working on flexible schedules are also able to utilise modern tools like technology to connect directly with clients without necessarily reporting to the office(Schumacher Poehler, 2009). Through technology, organisations can reach out to global clients through virtual teams that are tethered to the parent organisation. this leads to an increased customer coverage through reaching out to customers in different time zones thus increasing access to new markets. 2.The role of flexible work arrangements is to balance between employees needs and organisational needs. This is through developing a schedule that reconciles the two parties to come up with a program that enables the organisation to meet its goals and at the same time satisfy the employees. However, Arthur (2003) suggests that work-life balance becomes a challenge when working on flexible work arrangements since employees have different work needs. Since employees productivity is the overall need that the organisation focuses on, therefore managing employee productivity and performance becomes a challenge since there could be possible misuse of time since it becomes a problem to measure whether employees are working or not. Lewis Lewis(1996) states that flexible schedules have been challenged by factors b fall into the individuals domain. For example, at the family level, support to employees from their families is important in increasing employee productivity as a way of ensuring that they can balance between their work schedules. This may be a challenge in situations where some employees may be facing personal challenges at home. This may affect their overall performance in the organisation Bloom Reenen (2010) argues that developing flexible work policies can also be challenging to some organisations since the arrangements may be specifically suited for one organisation and not applying to all organisations. Further, different geographical and demographic characteristics offer certain demands that may be difficult for the organisation to balance between one locality and the other. Organisations operating in such arrangements will always face the challenge of dealing with virtual clients and employees. This is because some employees may work in different time zones making it difficult to monitor the work and performance of the employees. Accountability has also been a challenge that organisations working on flexible arrangements face. The flexible arrangements are based on trust rather than supervision, since employees login in at different times making it difficult for management to monitor the performance of every employee. Without face to face interactions and close management, some employees performance may fall thus costing the organisation(Grzywacz, Casey, Jones, 2007). Some employees may take advantage of limited supervision to carry out their own tasks and thus their accountability to the organisation may fall. When working from a virtual environment, it becomes difficult to hold people accountable. Lastly building relationships in flexible work arrangements may be difficult for organisational leaders. There are aspects of organisational culture, relationship building and team work that work well when the organisation uses a traditional approach. Through regular face to face interactions and working together, employees develop relationships with each other that can be used for organisational advantage(Potter, 2003). Through working together, full-time employees spend time working together and building teams that are based on an organisational culture that is developed each time employees work together. Therefore flexible work arrangements may limit teamwork, employee morale, retention rates and productivity. Relationships are key leadership tools used to improve productivity and develop team work within the organisation(Aguiar Hurst., 2007). 3.First Tennessee Bank, (FTB) initially managed its human resource through a written attendance policy that required all employees to report and sign in and out. However, the Bank adopted a flexible work arrangement by removing attendance and scheduling from the general management and shifted it to branch managers and administrators(Bank, 2016). This was followed by creating part-time work arrangements through a developed work schedule that sought to accommodate individual needs of employees as a way of reducing absenteeism and turnover rates. This was followed by training of managers in all branches as way of ensuring that they understand how the flexible schedule will managed(Romer, 2010). From the story of First Tennessee Bank, several strategies can be used to implement flexible work arrangements within an organisation. First thinking beyond gender can enable the organisation to tap the abilities and talents of employees from both genders. Organisations need to have gender diversity in their workplace through recognising employee abilities and qualifications rather than stratifying jobs based on gender. Flexible work environments that have both men and women n working as a team rather than male and female employees have registered the best performing results. Flexible work arrangements must have obstacles and challenges that emanate from the kind of organisational environment that the company operates in. Therefore, understanding and identifying the obstacles that may frustrate the process will assist in developing early mechanisms for overcoming such challenges. Bond, Hyman, Summers Wise (2002) suggesst that the obstacles include employee scepticism, fear, management resistance, technology difficulties, and impact of the changes on customers. Organisations that do risks analysis and identify potential barriers that may hinder their progress register the best results through ensuring that they achieve the intended outcomes and objectives at the organisational level. Further, Casey, Metcalf, Millward (1997) add that having a clear communication program within the organisation ensures that the organisation is able to get feedback from the employees and people that are affected by the program. In traditional set ups, regular meetings and contact with staff necessitate communication, thus making it easy for the organisation to identify issue that may be affecting employees. However, flexible work arrangements limit contact with employees making it difficult for some issues to be discovered. Clear communication will ensure that issues are raised and addressed early. Lastly collecting feedback and reviewing of the program will increase its relevance and output level within the organisation. Flexible programs need to be fine tuned as they used within the organisation and thus collecting data relating to the program and reviewing where necessary is the best way to improve and make the system more efficient and productive. Employees may be allowed to propose changes that they feel can improve the program(Boucher, 2013). Feedback mechanisms in the system should be put in place as way of analysing the system for the best results. Conclusion Flexible work arrangements are a characteristic of new work environments that are evolving based on technology and globalisation. Organisations need to embrace such work arrangements as a way of meeting organisational needs and accommodating different types of employees. Business environments that have embraced such arrangements are reaping greatly from business advantages associated with the flexible environment. References Aguiar, M., Hurst., E. (2007). Measuring Trends in Leisure: The Allocation of Time Over Five Decades. 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